From Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500-700.
Kings in seventh-century Britain were still overwhelmingly men of war. As in Merovingian Francia, rulers were expected to lead their armies into battle, and it is striking how many died doing so. Across the forty years of the early to mid-seventh century, of the six kings who ruled over the East Angles, five died violently. Early medieval warfare was always an uncertain business, and the relatively small size of armies in seventh-century Britain made warfare there even more so: as a late seventh-century law of the West Saxon king Ine decreed, ‘Up to seven men we call thieves, between seven and thirty-five a war-band, more than thirty-five an army’. Even kings who were victorious in battle might yet fall victim to assassination or plots orchestrated by their rivals. This was a world where, to adapt the words of Thomas Hobbes, no king was so weak he could not kill another.
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